This is a tutorial on creating a PHP website template starting with HTML and CSS. We will start with the basics and you can also download the final product. Please remember that I am using very basic CSS styling in this example just for you to get the idea, and not so much to make it look pretty. The download will contain both the styled example as well as a complete blank template that you can use for your own starting point for any project personal or commercial. The demo files are released under GPL V2.
Setting up the File structure and Folders
Step One
Let’s start by creating a new folder. I have named this folder php_site
Inside of this folder we are now going to create two new files. One is index.html and the other file is going to be named style.css
Step Two
Now we are going to create two more folders inside of our main folder. The first folder is going to be named includes, and the second folder will be named variables.
We should now have a setup that looks like the following:
Step Three
Now, using your favorite html editor open the index.html file. We are going to to create a basic html website document. This is the code I am using:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="author" content="" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" />
<title>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="header">
</div>
<!-- end #header -->
<div id="nav"></div>
<!-- end #nav -->
<div id="content"></div>
<!-- end #content -->
<div id="sidebar"></div>
<!-- end #sidebar -->
<div id="footer"></div>
<!-- end #footer -->
</div>
<!-- End #wrapper -->
</body>
</html>
Step Four
Now I am going to open up the style.css file and add the divs we will be using. I have added very basic styling so you can see the site and get the idea of what we are doing. Remember that you can use your own styling when creating your website to suit your needs.
This is the CSS I am adding to the stylesheet:
body
{
background-color:#f1f1f1;
font-family: georgia,sans-serif;
color:#333;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
#wrapper
{
width:960px;
background-color:#f8f8f8;
margin:0 auto;
border-left:1px solid #ccc;
border-right:1px solid #ccc;
}
#header
{
width:960px;
height:135px;
margin:0 auto;
margin-bottom:25px;
border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;
border-top:1px solid #ccc;
}
#header h2
{
padding:10px;
}
#nav
{
width:960px;
height:40px;
border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;
}
#nav a
{
display:inline;
padding:10px;
text-decoration:none;
background-color:#f1f1f1;
}
#nav a:hover
{
background-color:#bababa;
height:80px;
}
#content
{
width:675px;
float:left;
padding:10px;
}
#sidebar
{
width:200px;
float:right;
margin-bottom:25px;
}
#sidebar a
{
text-decoration:none;
}
#sidebar li
{
list-style:none;
}
#footer
{
clear:both;
width:960px;
height:135px;
border-top:1px solid #ccc;
}
#footer p
{
padding:10px;
}
Step Five
Next we will create some more files that we will be using when we start converting our template to php.
Open up the folder we created inside of our main folder called variables. Next, create a blank file called variables.php
Then go into the other folder we created called includes and create the following files:
- header.php
- nav.php
- sidebar.php
- footer.php
Step Six
Now we will need to add some content to our index.html file. I have filled in the header area with an H2 tag for the website header title. I will also be adding the links in the nav area, as well as some text in the content area, sidebar, and footer. The final index.html file now looks like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="author" content="" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" />
<title>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="header">
<h2>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</h2>
</div> <!-- end #header -->
<div id="nav">
<a href="#">Home</a>
<a href="#">About</a>
<a href="#">Portfolio</a>
<a href="#">Contact</a>
</div> <!-- end #nav -->
<div id="content">
<h1>Heading1</h1>
<h2>Heading2</h2>
<h3>Heading3</h3>
<h4>Heading4</h4>
<h5>Heading5</h5>
<h3>Paragraph Element</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<h3>Another Heading Starting Point</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
</div> <!-- end #content -->
<div id="sidebar">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Portfolio</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
<h3>Box Two</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<h3>Box Three</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
</div> <!-- end #sidebar -->
<div id="footer">
<p>Copyright © 2010 <a href="http://www.id-script.com/">Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</a></p>
</div> <!-- end #footer -->
</div> <!-- End #wrapper -->
</body>
</html>
Step Seven
Now we will start converting our template to PHP. We will need to take a brief look at the html code we have and decide which areas will be sliced. We will be removing specific areas from the index.html file and placing them into the php files we have created inside the includes folder.
Let’s start with the top of the html document on the header. Copy the header div and cut it from the document. Then open your includes folder, and the header.php file we created and add the code to the header.php.
header.php
<div id="header">
<h2>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</h2>
</div> <!-- end #header -->
Make sure this area has now been removed completely from the index.html file and placed into the header.php file. In place of this code, we will now add the following to the index.html file.
<?php include('includes/header.php'); ?>
Now our index.html should look like this: (Make a note that the header area has now been replaced with our php include function that is calling our external header.php file).
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="author" content="" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" />
<title>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<?php include('includes/header.php'); ?>
<div id="nav">
<a href="#">Home</a>
<a href="#">About</a>
<a href="#">Portfolio</a>
<a href="#">Contact</a>
</div> <!-- end #nav -->
<div id="content">
<h1>Heading1</h1>
<h2>Heading2</h2>
<h3>Heading3</h3>
<h4>Heading4</h4>
<h5>Heading5</h5>
<h3>Paragraph Element</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<h3>Another Heading Starting Point</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
</div> <!-- end #content -->
<div id="sidebar">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Portfolio</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
<h3>Box Two</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<h3>Box Three</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
</div> <!-- end #sidebar -->
<div id="footer">
<p>Copyright © 2010 <a href="#">Website Name</a></p>
</div> <!-- end #footer -->
</div> <!-- End #wrapper -->
</body>
</html>
Step Eight
Now we will continue to slice the html document and place the code in the proper php files we made.
Next let’s move to the nav div. The same as above, we are going to copy and cut that piece of code and place it into our nav.php file that is located inside of the includes folder.
This is what we are adding to the nav.php file:
<div id="nav">
<a href="#">Home</a>
<a href="#">About</a>
<a href="#">Portfolio</a>
<a href="#">Contact</a>
</div> <!-- end #nav -->
Again we will replace the code removed from the html document with the following:
<?php include(includes/nav.php); ?>
Step Nine
Now it is time to do the sidebar. Copy and cut the sidebar div and place it into the sidebar.php file we created that is located inside the includes folder.
This is the code we are adding:
sidebar.php
<div id="sidebar">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Portfolio</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
<h3>Box Two</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<h3>Box Three</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
</div> <!-- end #sidebar -->
We will again do the same thing for the footer area. Copy and cut the footer div and place it into the footer.php file we created in the same includes folder.
Here is the footer.php code:
<div id="footer">
<p>Copyright © 2010 <a href="#">Website Name</a></p>
</div> <!-- end #footer -->
Step Ten
Now that our index.html is properly sliced, we can rename the index.html file to index.php
Now that we have created this template, as long as the php includes are on any page we only have to modify the one single file to make it visible accross your entire website. This again is good for anyone with a lot of content and pages. Instead of having to edit the sidebar on every page of your site you can now just edit the sidebar.php file and it will reflect on all of your pages. This makes it a lot easier to keep up with large portions of website material.
Our folder should now look like this:
Creating PHP Variables for the template
Now we will make it a little more dynamic and even easier to be able to modify when needed. Lets take a look at the header.php file inside the includes folder.
<div id="header">
<h2>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template</h2>
</div> <!-- end #header -->
We are going to modify this a little bit to change the H2 heading from a different file using a variable. Creating a variable is good for areas on your website that may change more than others. It may also be a good way to allow clients to edit a single file to change certain items on their website.
Now let’s replace the text within the H2 heading to this:
<h2><?php echo $heading ?></h2>
Now our header.php file will look like this: Notice we placed the echo php command within the H2 brackets. This will give our variable output the H2 heading we want.
<div id="header">
<h2><?php echo $heading ?></h2>
</div> <!-- end #header -->
Next we are going to open up the file inside of the variables folder that we created named variables.php
We will add the variable that we are going to echo on the website heading. I have named this variable heading.
variables.php
<?php
$heading='Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template';
?>
Now, at any time we want to change what is titled on the heading of our template, we can simply open our variables.php file and modify what is between the quotes. This will always be the output on our header.php file where we placed the echo command.
One step Further
Now we will do the same thing to our footer.php file. Open the footer.php that we have in our includes folder and let’s take a look at it:
<div id="footer">
<p>Copyright © 2011 <a href="#">Website Name</a></p>
</div> <!-- end #footer -->
Let’s change this like we did the header file, and add a variable to use.
We will place our echo command within the paragraph brackets. You should now have the following in your footer.php:
<div id="footer">
<p><?php echo $footer ?></p>
</div> <!-- end #footer -->
variables.php
<?php
$heading='Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template';
$footer='Copyright © 2010 Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template';
?>
Make note of the above. When using PHP variables we cannot use a regular quote. They should be replaced as you see above directly after the a href=
This is to ensure the code is read properly by browsers. If you use a regular quote it will not work.
Making it all work
The last thing we need to do in order to make our variables work is to do one last php include within our template to call the variables file.
Let’s open up our header.php file and add the following:
<?php include('variables/variables.php'); ?>
This will tell our template to use the variables file we have created.
The header.php file should now look like this:
<?php include('variables/variables.php'); ?>
<div id="header">
<h2><?php echo $heading ?></h2>
</div> <!-- end #header -->
Next we will need to do the same to our footer.php file. Add the same include at the top. The footer.php should now look like this:
<?php include('variables/variables.php'); ?>
<div id="footer">
<p><?php echo $footer ?></p>
</div>
<!-- end #footer -->
Now that these two files are calling the variables, you will see the reflected results in the final template. You can always create new variables, and create any type of php files you want. You can even change the folder directory in any way you wish as long as your php include function displays the correct path to the files.
Playing with the PHP template
To test it a bit further let’s duplicate the index.html file and make a second page that will also call the external php files. This way we will be able to see more exactly how this works.
Make a copy of your index.php file and rename the new file to about.php
Inside of this file you can change anything you want within the #content div inside of the website #wrapper
I have created the following for testing purposes:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="author" content="" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" />
<title>Advanced PHP Tutorial PHP Template About Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<?php include('includes/header.php'); ?>
<?php include('includes/nav.php'); ?>
<div id="content">
<h3>About Me Page</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<h3>Another Heading Starting Point</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<h3>Notice The Include Files</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<h3>Another Heading Starting Point</h3>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
<p>
Quisque pellentesque sodales aliquam. Morbi mollis neque eget arcu egestas non ultrices neque volutpat.
</p>
</div> <!-- end #content -->
<?php include('includes/sidebar.php'); ?>
<?php include('includes/footer.php'); ?>
</div> <!-- End #wrapper -->
</body>
</html>
Now make sure that we go inside of our nav.php file as well as the sidebar.php file and link the new page we have just created. Again using your html editor of choice, first open up your nav.php file.
Updating the links should make your file now look like this example below:
nav.php
<div id="nav">
<a href="index.php">Home</a>
<a href="about.php">About</a>
<a href="#">Portfolio</a>
<a href="#">Contact</a>
</div> <!-- end #nav -->
Next we will need to do the same thing to our sidebar.php file to make sure the links now work.
sidebar.php
div id="sidebar">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<li><a href="index.php">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="about.php">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Portfolio</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
<h3>Box Two</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<h3>Box Three</h3>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link Here</a></li>
</div> <!-- end #sidebar -->
Now we are complete. We have created a two page PHP website template that we can expand on more to make a completed project. We have learned how to use basic php includes and variables to be able to edit content accross many different pages at one time. I really hope you have enjoyed this post and learned something from it as well.
Just to take a final look at the new file structure with the added page you can view the image below for reference:
This tutorial was created to give you some basic knowledge on php and creating a php website template.
If you have any questions I will do my best to answer them in the comments below.
